Read the text and answer the following question!

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

From the text above, we imply that ....

• no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health
• everybody must conduct the processes of digestive system well
• a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier
• the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly
• the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be

Read the text and answer the following question!

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

How can we swallow the food easily?

• The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.
• The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
• The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
• The food must be digested first through the process.
• The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.

Read the text and answer the following question!

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

The word made up in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ....

• completed
• arranged
• constructed
• produced
• managed

Read the text and answer the following question!

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

The word secreted is simlar in meaning to ....

• constructed
• managed
• produced
• arranged
• completed

Read the text and answer the following question!

How do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a medical condition when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat then causing body temperature below the normal (36.5 °C – 37.5°C). WHO (World Health Organization) has been classified Hypothermia into three grades: mild (36.0 °C – 36.5°C), moderate (32.0 °C – 35.9°C), severe (<32.0 °C). Each classification may lead to different symptoms, from shivering to the risk of heart-stopping. But how do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia classically occurs from exposure to extreme cold. In some cases, it may occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. During exposure to cold, most heat loss escapes through your skin. Heat loss can occur 25 times faster than it would if exposed to the same air temperature.

The hypothalamus as a temperature control center works to raise body temperature by triggering processes that heat and cool the body. To protect the body during cold, the hypothalamus commands the muscle to work. The body responds to it as shivering.

Normally, the activity of the heart and liver produces most of your body heat. But as core body temperature cools, these organs produce less heat, in essence causing a protective "shut down" to preserve heat and protect the brain. Low body temperature can slow brain activity, breathing, and heart rate. Confusion and fatigue can set in, hampering a person's ability to understand what's happening and make intelligent choices to get to safety.

Hypothermia can occur because …

• Body loses heat faster
• hot temperature exposure
• hypothalamus triggers cold and heat
• muscles work leads shivering
• heart and liver production

Read the text and answer the following question!

How do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a medical condition when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat then causing body temperature below the normal (36.5 °C – 37.5°C). WHO (World Health Organization) has been classified Hypothermia into three grades: mild (36.0 °C – 36.5°C), moderate (32.0 °C – 35.9°C), severe (<32.0 °C). Each classification may lead to different symptoms, from shivering to the risk of heart-stopping. But how do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia classically occurs from exposure to extreme cold. In some cases, it may occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. During exposure to cold, most heat loss escapes through your skin. Heat loss can occur 25 times faster than it would if exposed to the same air temperature.

The hypothalamus as a temperature control center works to raise body temperature by triggering processes that heat and cool the body. To protect the body during cold, the hypothalamus commands the muscle to work. The body responds to it as shivering.

Normally, the activity of the heart and liver produces most of your body heat. But as core body temperature cools, these organs produce less heat, in essence causing a protective "shut down" to preserve heat and protect the brain. Low body temperature can slow brain activity, breathing, and heart rate. Confusion and fatigue can set in, hampering a person's ability to understand what's happening and make intelligent choices to get to safety.

What is being discussed in the second paragraph?

• Definition of Hypothermia.
• The duty of Hypothalamus.
• Classification of Hypothermia.
• Causes of Hypothermia.
• How shivering happens.

Read the text and answer the following question!

How do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a medical condition when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat then causing body temperature below the normal (36.5 °C – 37.5°C). WHO (World Health Organization) has been classified Hypothermia into three grades: mild (36.0 °C – 36.5°C), moderate (32.0 °C – 35.9°C), severe (<32.0 °C). Each classification may lead to different symptoms, from shivering to the risk of heart-stopping. But how do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia classically occurs from exposure to extreme cold. In some cases, it may occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. During exposure to cold, most heat loss escapes through your skin. Heat loss can occur 25 times faster than it would if exposed to the same air temperature.

The hypothalamus as a temperature control center works to raise body temperature by triggering processes that heat and cool the body. To protect the body during cold, the hypothalamus commands the muscle to work. The body responds to it as shivering.

Normally, the activity of the heart and liver produces most of your body heat. But as core body temperature cools, these organs produce less heat, in essence causing a protective "shut down" to preserve heat and protect the brain. Low body temperature can slow brain activity, breathing, and heart rate. Confusion and fatigue can set in, hampering a person's ability to understand what's happening and make intelligent choices to get to safety.

From the text, we can conclude that hypothermia …

• is a contagious disease
• can leads same symptom
• can risk to heart stopping
• makes the body heat
• keep the heart works

Read the text and answer the following question!

How do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a medical condition when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat then causing body temperature below the normal (36.5 °C – 37.5°C). WHO (World Health Organization) has been classified Hypothermia into three grades: mild (36.0 °C – 36.5°C), moderate (32.0 °C – 35.9°C), severe (<32.0 °C). Each classification may lead to different symptoms, from shivering to the risk of heart-stopping. But how do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia classically occurs from exposure to extreme cold. In some cases, it may occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. During exposure to cold, most heat loss escapes through your skin. Heat loss can occur 25 times faster than it would if exposed to the same air temperature.

The hypothalamus as a temperature control center works to raise body temperature by triggering processes that heat and cool the body. To protect the body during cold, the hypothalamus commands the muscle to work. The body responds to it as shivering.

Normally, the activity of the heart and liver produces most of your body heat. But as core body temperature cools, these organs produce less heat, in essence causing a protective "shut down" to preserve heat and protect the brain. Low body temperature can slow brain activity, breathing, and heart rate. Confusion and fatigue can set in, hampering a person's ability to understand what's happening and make intelligent choices to get to safety.

According to the text, which statement is true?

• Hypothalamus triggers liver and heart to produce cold.
• Hypothermia caused by brain control centre stop commanding hypothalamus.
• Body heat loss leads slow brain activity, breathing and heart rate.
• Heat loss occurs 25 time slower than it should be.
• Muscle works is often defined as shivering.

Read the text and answer the following question!

How do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia is a medical condition when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat then causing body temperature below the normal (36.5 °C – 37.5°C). WHO (World Health Organization) has been classified Hypothermia into three grades: mild (36.0 °C – 36.5°C), moderate (32.0 °C – 35.9°C), severe (<32.0 °C). Each classification may lead to different symptoms, from shivering to the risk of heart-stopping. But how do people get Hypothermia?

Hypothermia classically occurs from exposure to extreme cold. In some cases, it may occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. During exposure to cold, most heat loss escapes through your skin. Heat loss can occur 25 times faster than it would if exposed to the same air temperature.

The hypothalamus as a temperature control center works to raise body temperature by triggering processes that heat and cool the body. To protect the body during cold, the hypothalamus commands the muscle to work. The body responds to it as shivering.

Normally, the activity of the heart and liver produces most of your body heat. But as core body temperature cools, these organs produce less heat, in essence causing a protective "shut down" to preserve heat and protect the brain. Low body temperature can slow brain activity, breathing, and heart rate. Confusion and fatigue can set in, hampering a person's ability to understand what's happening and make intelligent choices to get to safety.

“Each classification may lead to different symptoms, …” The underlined word is in closest meaning with ….

• Disease
• Ill
• Severe
• Effect
• Sign

Read the following text!

BIODIESEL

     Biodiesel is a clean-burning substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil. To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable products. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.
     The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

What is the text about?

• The process of making Biodiesel.
• The use of Biodiesel.
• The advantage of using Biodiesel.
• The benefit of producing Biodiesel.
• The development of the Biodiesel product.

Read the following text!

BIODIESEL

     Biodiesel is a clean-burning substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil. To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable products. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.
     The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

What are interchanged in the process of ester interchange?

• The three fatty acids with the glycerin molecules.
• The glycerin molecule with three methanol molecules.
• Methanol with the three fatty acids.
• Vegetable oil with methanol.
• Methanol and alkaline catalyst.

A text that explains how or why things happen is called .... text.

• Description.
• Explanation.
• Procedure.
• Recount.
• Analytical Exposition.

The generic structure of explanation text is ...

• General statement, explanation, closing.
• Orientation, complication, resolution.
• Identification, description.
• Orientation, series of events, re-orientation.
• Thesis - Arguments - Reiteration.

Which of the following can be explained in explanation text?

• My hometown, Yogyakarta.
• Biography of Adam Smith.
• How virus corona spread.
• Story of Tangkuban Perahu.
• Why children using cell phones.